How To Answer The What is Your Desired Salary Job Application Question

History of Fashion

Diagram The Ancient Middle East: 3500-600 B. C. Mens: Aprons worn as a different thing that spread the gential territory and are worn over a skirt or some other article of clothing, or over an undergarment and under a skirt. As being made of at least one bits of material connected to a belt, scarf, or band that affixes around the abdomen. 1470 †eleventh century B. C. Womens: Tunic is any of a few sorts of piece of clothing for the body, generally straightforward in style, coming to from the shoulders to a length somewhere close to the hips and the ankles.The most punctual tunics appear to have been made out of material and that in certain territories tunics previously showed up soon after fleece came into utilization. 2500 †1000 B. C. The Etruria and Rome: 800 B. C. â€A. D. 400 Mens: Paludamentum was commonly blood red, red, or purple in shading or now and then white. It was secured at the shoulder with a catch, putting on the paludamentum was a stylized follow up on set ting out for war. C. 800-200 B. C. Present day Influences: Versace, and so on. Womens: Himation was a kind of garments in old Greece. It was normally worn over a chiton, yet was made of heavier wrap and assumed the job of a cloak.The himation proceeded into the Byzantine period, particularly as iconographic dress for Christ and different figures from Biblical occasions, despite the fact that it shows up still to have been worn, in actuality. C. 800-200 B. C. Present day impacts: San Patrick, and so on. End In turn of this venture, I truly delighted in it since I pick two style of old attire I love; Rome and Egypt. The tunic is the fundamental style of dress that’s exceptionally adaptable that can be made worn by men, ladies and youngsters. I like that when Rome gave the tunic an additional edge by either added silk and importance to wearing it in specific manners like for higher class to poor people and giving sign a specific look when they’re married. The paludamentum was my second most loved in light of the fact that I love the warrior war style look that brings to the manliness of the man. The advanced impact of Versace incredibly brought that back when it was vanishing from the world. The two different pieces I decision were simply remain by decisions that I feel that can enormously supplement every one of different articles of clothing. References Tunic, Apron, and Himation Definition: http://digitalbookshelf. artinstitutes. edu/#/books/978-1-60901-215-1 Paludamentum Definition: http://ancienthistory. about. com/od/dress/g/011011-Paludamentum. htm Photos: http://symbolankh. evhub. com/img/transfer/c-hm-thutmose-shadow. jpg http://www. fibre2fashion. com/industry-article/17/1615/contemporary-style from-the-place where there is pharaohs3. asp http://www. versace. com/en/ladies style and-adornments/ss-13/design show-assortment http://www. weddinginspirasi. com/wp-content/transfers/2010/04/2010_san_patrick_wedding. jpg http://www. design time. c om/pictures/100_bc_ALLancient_history/bwlotus. jpg http://karenswhimsy. com/open space pictures/antiquated roman-armed force/pictures/old roman-armed force 4. jpg http://www. shutterstock. com/pic-46840795/stock-photograph neo-traditional ladies like-goddess-in-roman-dress. html

Discuss the Economic Advantages and Disadvantages to the Uk of Participation in the

Talk about the monetary favorable circumstances and detriments to the UK of interest in the European single cash (Euro). Will British organizations be better or more terrible off if the nation chooses to take an interest? Presentation of Euro in the world’s money related association is an achievement. Eleven nations would make EMU toward the start, presently there is a long line to participate in EMU. The vast majority of the EMU individuals get more favorable position at that point weakness to participate in Euro. Euro makes a huge market in the Eurozone. Three center individuals from EU (Great Britain, Sweden Denmark) still pass on European single cash. Numerous European nations are eager to participate in EU, some of them chose to actualize European rate system 2 (ERM-2). In the event that Britain acknowledge euro, at that point the nation presents both favorable position and weakness. Efficiency and expectation for everyday comforts will increment if Britain participates in Euro. In the event that they won't go along with, they have opportunity to fall further behind. European Union European Union is the association of twenty-seven nations. The vast majority of the individuals from European Union come to participate in EU from European Continent. The cause of European Union related with establishment of European coal and steel network. Arrangements of Rome or Schuman revelation framed European Economic Commission. Both these bodies are basic pieces of European Union. Rome arrangement marked in 1957 for making European Economic Community (EEC). Belgium, France, Netherlands, Luxemburg, West Germany and Italy are the center six individuals from EEC. During that period, West Germany and Netherlands assembled nexus among them by the assistance of European Steel and Coal Community. Among the six nations of EEC, they permitted free development of work and capital. Facilitated commerce additionally permitted. They canceled inside levies among them and set outer taxes. In growth stage, UK, Denmark and Ireland become individual from EEC. Greece, Spain and Portugal participated in EEC in 1981 and 1986 separately. After this augmentation stage, the commission president Jacquas Delors marked single European act. In 1992, the Maastricht bargain marked to build up European Union. As indicated by Sloman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 563) â€Å"May 2004 imprints the most recent development, with 10 new individuals joining. These are Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Solvakia and Solvenia†. European single cash: Euro is the single money among the nations that remember for European Union. Different nations likewise receive the single monetary standards. In 1932, the director of German Bank Hans F? rstenberg gave the thought regarding European cash to set up European national bank. The thought came about euro money among the nations before Second World War. Thought of European mix got more grounded after Second World War. Some consecutive occurrences occur after the war. In 1950, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSE) built up, Rome bargain marked in 1957 and simultaneously, European Economic Community framed. Rome arrangement and Economic Community both cleared the way for euro to lunch. European financial framework built up for full money related help in 1979. As per Solman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 741) â€Å"Details of the way towards EMU were finished in the Maastricht settlement, which was marked in February 1992. The timetable for EMU included adjustment of a solitary cash by 1999 at the latest†. Subsequently, Maastricht bargain cleared the way for euro simpler. Prior to joining the euro money, every nation satisfied five measures, which set by the European national Bank. The eleven individuals from EU out of fifteen could satisfy the measures and participated in Euro. Sweden and Greece couldn't satisfy the rules. Later 2001, Greece participated in Euro. Euro came in to the market on 1 January of 1999 however the certified receipt and coin were presented 2002. National money of the European nations pulled back from showcase due to present euro notes and coin. Street to EMU European Monetary Union proposed by Delors advisory group report. The way to EMU depicted in three stages. Stage 1: Remove the whole exchange boundary inside market including capital controls among the nations. Upgraded coordination from various nations in the financial and fiscal arrangement. Stage 2: European Monetary Institute (EMI) set up. EMI observed macroeconomic assembly of individuals as per Maastricht settlement. In that stage, commission arranged calculated and association structure for ECB. Stage 3: In that stage, Union fixed the conversion scale, euro presented as a solitary money. European Monetary Institute supplanted by foundation of European Central Bank. Favorable position of Single Currency Several focal points merits, on the off chance that one nation participate to the single cash, for example, killing exchange cost, maintain a strategic distance from conversion scale vulnerability, increment straightforwardness of cost, increment believability of fiscal association. All the individual from European Union gets equivalent chance and advantages. The nations get advantage on account of changing over monetary forms. Each European Countries have separate cash. At the point when anybody changing over the cash of any European nation in to another European country’s money then the changing over cost included each time. In the event that we utilized single money, we can without much of a stretch limit the changing over expense. As per Solman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 742) â€Å"the European commission assessed that the impact was to build the GDP of the nations worried by a normal of just 0. 4 percent†. Joined territory of America whose have 51 states with one single cash. They get advantage of single money in their market. Euro money allows to European nation to make an enormous single market. Estimating contrast expanded in advertise in the event that we can't utilize single money. Valuing relies upon pace of monetary standards. Subsequently, we get same item in various cost because of various pace of various monetary standards. Single cash expanded the straightforwardness of item cost. Put expanded in euro zone in light of the fact that there is one single money accessible. As per Solman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 42) â€Å"investment from the remainder of the world is pulled in to an euro zone of more than 300 million occupants, where there is no dread of inner money movements†. Travel gets simpler because of euro. There is no problem in changing over monetary standards. No time squander during venture out because of single cash which utilized in wherever in euro zone. As in dicated by Solman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 743) â€Å"A single money related strategy assembly in swelling rates. Given the ECB prevails with regards to staying free from transient political control, this is probably going to bring about a lower normal swelling rate in the eurozone countries†. Hence, the single cash helps lower expansion rate in eurozone. Annul the market boundary is another preferred position in eurozone. Abolishment of exchange obstruction assists with boosting benefit and increment showcase size. In eurozone, there is no market boundary among the individuals and they can without much of a stretch market their item in eurozone. Impediment of Single Currency The European Union carries parcel of preferred position to individuals. Some are contend that it additionally brings a few inconveniences. At the point when euro present, EMU individuals need to put away immense measure of cash to change finance, pricelist, database, programming, etc. It is a venture cost, which emerges because of lunch euro. Past coins and banks note expelled from the market, cost of past coins and notes likewise remember for venture cost. A portion of the nations change their exchange patters due to present euro. On the off chance that the nation acknowledged euro as a solitary money, at that point the nation can't acknowledge separate national fiscal strategy. Just European Central Bank can lead fiscal approach in Europe. The greater part of the individuals pay attention to the issue that we lose our autonomy in strategy making. As indicated by Solman and Sutcliffe (2004, p. 43) â€Å"Another issue for individuals from a solitary cash happens in changing in accordance with a stun when that stun influences individuals to various degrees. These are known as hilter kilter shocks†. If there should arise an occurrence of uneven stuns no European nations reserve no privilege to use national fiscal approach review, they should attempt to discov er another alternative for battling against hilter kilter stuns. Single money likewise impact in country’s independency. Nearby government confronted issue when they lose the independency. Single cash expanded the lost of human capital, since capital moved openly in eurozone. Talented worked and authority will attempt to search for better employments and wages in different nations. It implies that talented full worked move to east to west to take points of interest of higher advantages and wages. Financial focal points for UK to take an interest in the single money: It is become a major issue whether Britain join or not participate in Euro. Each choice has some bit of leeway and disservice. Joining Britain in single cash has some financial preferred position and weakness. Country’s individuals and legislature of Britain are gathering data to make their brain about section in to the single cash zone. Increment salary and living of Standard: In 1956, France and Germany had surpassed of Britain position in living of standard, since France and Germany chose to join European basic market. At that point in 1973, Britain participated in ECM and halted their declining circumstance. European nations are making a unified market by the assistance of single money. These single monetary forms help European nations to build their salary and living of standard. In the event that Britain not goes along with, they fall behind. Issues in Exchange rate: before eating euro, Germany confronted swapping scale hazard on the off chance that they sold their items in Britain, Italy or any European nations. In the wake of dining euro, they have no hazard since they (European nations) utilized euro as a solitary cash however Britain despite everything have a similar hazard. Disposing of swapping scale variances and increment the value straightforwardness then we can decrease the venture chance and

Pornography Essays (9012 words) - Pornography, Ageism, Israeli Law

Sex entertainment Sex entertainment Nick Baker p.6 Sex entertainment - Sex or Subordination? In the late Seventies, America got stunned and insulted by the assault, mutilation, and murder of over twelve youthful, excellent young ladies. The man who submitted these homicides, Ted Bundy, was later caught and executed. During his confinement in different prisons, he was intellectually tested and nudged by therapist and psychoanalysts planning to find the base of his fierce activities and sexual dissatisfactions. Numerous hypotheses emerged in endeavors to clarify the persuasive factors behind his lethal adventures. In any case, the most grounded and generally doable of these hypotheses came not from the clinicians, yet from the man himself, as a youngster, my mates and I would all sneak around and watch pornography. As I developed more seasoned, I turned out to be increasingly intrigued and engaged with it, [pornography] turned into a fixation. I got so associated with it, I needed to consolidate [porn] into my life, however I was unabl e to carry on like that and keep up the achievement I had buckled down for. I created a modify self image to satisfy my dreams under-spread. Sex entertainment was a methods for opening the malicious I had covered inside myself (Leidholdt 47). Is it conceivable that sex entertainment is going about as the way to opening the insidiousness in progressively shaky personalities? As indicated by Edward Donnerstein, a main specialist in the sex entertainment field, the connection between explicitly rough pictures in the media and resulting hostility and . . . insensitive perspectives towards ladies is a lot more grounded measurably than the connection among smoking and malignancy (Itzin 22). Subsequent to thinking about the expansion in assault and attack, lewd behavior, and other sex wrongdoings in the course of the most recent couple of decades, and furthermore the comparing increment of business in the sex entertainment industry, the connection among viciousness and erotic entertainment needs significant investigation and assessment. When the proof you will experience in this paper is assessed and measured, it will be hard not left away with the acknowledgment that routine utilization of explicit material advances ridiculous and unreachable wants in men that can prompt vicious conduct toward ladies. So as to appropriately talk about sex entertainment, and have the option to interface it to savagery, we should initially go to an essential and pleasant comprehension of what the word sex entertainment implies. The term erotic entertainment begins from two Greek words, porne, which implies prostitute, and graphein, which intends to compose (Webster's 286). My conviction is that the mix of the two words was initially intended to depict, in writing, the sexual ventures of ladies esteemed to be prostitutes. As time has passed, this meaning of erotic entertainment has developed to incorporate any indecent writing and pictures. At the current date, the term is essentially a sweeping which covers a wide range of material, for example, unequivocal writing, photography, movies, and video tapes with changing degrees of sexual substance. For Catherine Itzin's exploration purposes erotic entertainment has been partitioned into three classifications: The explicitly express and fierce; the explicitly unequivocal and peaceful, however subjecting and dehumanizing; and the explicitly unequivocal, peaceful, and no subjecting that depends on commonality. The explicitly unequivocal and savage is realistic, indicating entrance and discharge. Additionally, it shows the fierce demonstration toward a lady. The subsequent model shows the realistic sexual act and peak, yet not a savage demonstration. This model shows the lady being dressed is an ensemble or being 'talked down' to so as to lessen her to something not human, for example, a body part or only something to have intercourse with, a body opening or a hole. In addition to the fact that erotica shows the whole r ealistic sexual act, it likewise delineates a fascination between two individuals. Her exploration reliably shows that unsafe impacts are related with the initial two, however that the third 'erotica', is innocuous (22). These three classifications essentially exist as instruments of perceiving content. Albeit once in a while they cover without a genuine differentiation, as in when the film is realistic in the sexual demonstration and furthermore in savagery, however shows the go about just like a common movement between the individuals partaking. In my view, to additionally isolate sex entertainment, it is conceivable to separate it into considerably less difficult classifications: delicate and no-nonsense sex entertainment. Bad-to-the-bone sex entertainment is a blend of the explicitly unequivocal and savage and the

Ideas and Delusions of Reference in Bipolar Disorder

Ideas and Delusions of Reference in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Print Ideas and Delusions of Reference in Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 30, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 01, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Stanislaw Pytel / Getty Images In people with bipolar disorder, mania and hypomania can comprise various symptoms, from reckless spending to sexual promiscuity. In addition, some more subtle symptoms may also occur, such as the belief held by some patients  that everything occurring around them is related somehow to them when in fact it isnt.?? This symptom is known as ideas of reference. An extension of those irrational beliefs, delusions of reference, can cause patients to change their behavior significantly because of this mistaken belief. These two symptomsâ€"ideas of reference and delusions of referenceâ€"can affect people in very different ways. For example, a man might believe that secret messages about him are broadcast in a weekly television show, to the point where he records the programs and watches them again and again. Meanwhile, a woman might be convinced that all the notices posted on boards outside churches are aimed directly at her, which frightens her so much that she refuses to leave the house. Ideas of Reference vs. Delusions of Reference Some clinicians and researchers use the terms ideas of reference and delusions of reference interchangeably. Other sources differentiate between the two, saying that ideas of reference have less impact on the persons life as a whole. Whereas ideas of reference are real events that are internalized personally, delusions of reference are not based in reality. However, ideas of reference may act as a precursor to delusions of reference.   Many people will experience passing thoughts or ideas of reference. For example, you go to a party and just for a minute honestly believe everyone is whispering about you. This is within the scope of normal human behavior unless it happens to you constantly. Its when these thoughts cross the line outside of actual facts or events (when you believe people you dont even know are whispering about you, and you proceed to hide out at home because of this) that the thoughts turn into delusions. The 3 Criteria for Delusion Karl Jaspers, a German-Swiss psychiatrist, described the main criteria for a true delusion in a groundbreaking 1913 book, General Psychology??. They include: Certainty (the person is convinced the delusion is real).Incorrigibility (the person cannot be convinced otherwise or have the belief shaken in any way).Impossibility (the delusion is bizarre and not real at all). Some people have only occasional, random delusions of reference, while others have them all the time. If delusional thoughts occur for more than one month and they involve events that actually could happen (such as being followed, infected with a disease, or loved at a distance), delusional disorder is the diagnosis. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMâ€"5) clarifies the criteria for delusional disorder, which may appear in people with Bipolar disorder. Specifically, the DSM-5 specifies that those with the disorder may have nonbizarre delusions, meaning what you’re imagining is happening could really happen (such as being followed).?? The key difference between delusions of reference and delusional disorder is delusions of reference are most definitely not real while the thoughts in delusional disorder could possibly be real (although theyre quite unlikely). Other Types of Delusions Bizarre delusions have no possibility or basis to happen in reality.Delusions of control mean that a patients thoughts, feelings, and actions are not his or her own, but instead originate from some external force or person.Depressive delusions are marked by a predominant depressive mood. These might include delusions involving a serious illness, poverty or spousal infidelity. Treatment Antipsychotic medications can help with delusions of reference, as can counseling and psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to help people reframe their thoughts and explore logical explanations for their line of thinking. Find Help With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Expectations, Introspection, and Suicide in Ibsen and Shakespeare - Literature Essay Samples

Both William Shakespeare, likely the greatest English playwright of all time, and Henrik Ibsen, arguably one of the most brilliant and influential modern dramatists, are known not only for the power of their tragedies but also for their memorable female characters. Among the most famous of these is ShakespeareÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s Ophelia, HamletÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s doomed lover, and Hedda Gabler, IbsenÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s most enduring female villain. At first glance, these two women do not have many similarities: dutifully obedient Ophelia suffers passively between her fatherÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s demands and HamletÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s mockery, while Hedda is scornful and manipulative to all those around her. However, upon more careful inspection, it becomes clear that the two characters have much more in common than simply being tragic female figures. In fact, it is their common gender that makes them remarkably similar. Hedda and Op helia ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ though created hundreds of years apart ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ are both helplessly (although sometimes subconsciously) influenced by the expectations of the men that surround them. Furthermore, thus indoctrinated in masculine hierarchies, both women are trapped in the social structures that these hierarchies propagate, rendered incapable of introspection or amending their positions. Finally, at the end of their respective plays, these very power structures that restrict the two women are the ones that ultimately leave them no choice but to break them: Ophelia descends into madness, and she and Hedda are forced to take their own lives.Though Hedda and Ophelia are players who are engaged through radically different worlds and social settings, the link of gender difference between the two is undeniable. Indeed, as John Russell Brown argues in his ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Representing Sexuality in ShakespeareÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s Plays,ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚â‚ ¬? nearly all modern dramatists cannot deny the influence of Shakespeare, especially when interrogating traditional gender hierarchies: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"So many plays deal outright withgender difference that anyone wishing to study or stage them needs to only to ask how Shakespeare dealt with these subjectsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (169). This is especially the case in Hamlet, in which gender difference is ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"not centralÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Brown 169) to the play, but also in which it is glaringly apparent that the female characters are influenced by the expectations of the men surrounding them.The most obvious example of this working of masculine influence can be found in the beginning of the play, when the audience is first introduced to the character of Ophelia. The third scene of the opening act begins with Laertes instructing his sister to be wary of HamletÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s affections: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"The chariest maid is p rodigal enough / If she unmask her beauty to the moonbest safety lies in fearÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (1.3.36-7, 43). Though Ophelia seems to take his message to heart, she cannot help but comment on her brotherÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s own hypocrisy: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Do not / Show me the steep and thorny way to heavenÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? while he, on his ventures into Paris, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"himself the primrose path of dalliance treadsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (1.3.48, 50). Notably, Laertes impatiently brushes aside his sisterÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s comment (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"I stay too longÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (1.3.53)), and, on cue, Polonius enters to confirm the double standard that his son has set forth. Polonius dispatches his son to Paris to sow his wild oats, to learn that ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"to thine own self [one must be] trueÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (1.3.78). However, as Juliet Dusinberre remarks in her discourse on women and authority i n Shakespeare, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"[PoloniusÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™] daughter must not rely on her own judgmentÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (94). Even her conviction of HamletÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s sincerity arouses her fatherÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s contempt: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"You speak like a green girl / think yourself a baby / That you have taÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™en these tenders for true pay / Which are not sterlingÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (1.3.101, 105-107). Just as Laertes expects Ophelia to regard his advice as valuable even in its hypocrisy, so Polonius makes sure that ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"her whole education is geared to relying on other peopleÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s judgmentsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Dusinberre 94). This ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"educationÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? is complete and in full force when Ophelia is sent to spy on the supposedly insane Hamlet. When Polonius comments ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"IÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ۈ ƒâ€šÃ‚â„¢ll loose my daughter to himÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (2.2.162) it is apparent that not only OpheliaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s sexuality, but her judgment and her conscience, are the property of her father. By ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"allowing herself to acquiesceÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Dusinberre 94) to the deception of Hamlet, and thus to the overwhelming influence of the men around her, she is not only being false to her lover, but inevitably ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"false to herselfÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Dusinberre 94).The case that dutiful and deferential Ophelia is unquestionably influenced by the men around her is easy to make. But what about the willful Hedda, who seems not only to scorn but also to control the emotions of the men around her? Tesman, her husband, would presumably be the largest influence on Hedda. Yet, next to his wife, the mediocre scholar seems almost effeminate, having only Aunt Julie as ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"both father and mother to [him]à Æ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Ibsen 216). Indeed, just as Hamlet might rebuke himself for his own inaction, Hedda seems to do the same Tesman, whose effeminate ineptitude dictates that he ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Must like a whore unpack [his] heart with wordsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Shakespeare 2.2.589), never truly becoming what Hedda wants him to be. What Hedda longs for is not ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"a contemptible onlooker on the worldÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Dusinberre 278) but ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Finally ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ an actionÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Ibsen 280). She never finds the latter in Tesman.Nonetheless, delving deeper into IbsenÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s drama, one can easily see that Hedda has been indoctrinated just as much, but not as explicitly, as her Shakespearean predecessor. Very early in the play, even before Hedda enters, it is apparent that she has inherited some kind of lifestyle expectations from her father: Aunt Julie, while listening to BertaÃÆ' ¢ €™s fears about Hedda, remarks ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"General GablerÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s daughter ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ the way she lived in the GeneralÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s day!ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (214). Significantly, we are introduced to Hedda not by her own name, but by immediate association with her father. Later, when Aunt Julie meets Hedda in person, it becomes even clearer that Hedda has some great stake in the social expectations impressed upon her: after mistaking Aunt JulieÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s hat for the maidÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s, then seeing her out with Tesman, Hedda exasperatedly remarks, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"But where did she get her manners, flinging her hat aroundPeople donÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™t act that wayÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (222). This obsession with the proper way to act, especially for fear of a scandal, takes on a particularly masculine tint when Hedda learns that her old schoolmate, Mrs. E lvsted, has come to town without permission. As Mrs. Elvsted asserts that ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"My husband doesnÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™t know that IÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™m goneÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (229) Hedda immediately replies in surprise, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"What, your husband doesnÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™t know?ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (229). Furthermore, she implicitly assumes that Mrs. Elvsted will be returning to him shortly: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"What do you think your husband will say when you go home again?ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (229). Despite her contempt for her own husband, Hedda would never leave him ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ she has been too much indoctrinated in a masculine social hierarchy. She naturally assumes that Mrs. Elvsted has not left her husband for good: when HeddaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s schoolmate replies to her question of returning home, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Up there, to him?ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Ibsen 230), Hedda answer s, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Of course, of courseÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (230). To Hedda, a woman can never leave a spouse, who, no matter how effeminate, is male and therefore necessary to be attached to. One can even see scraps of the ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"educationÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? that Laertes and Polonius seek to give Ophelia in their ensuing conversation. When Mrs. Elvsted describes to Hedda the work she has done with Eilert Lovborg, she adds that he has ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"taught me to think, to understand all sorts of thingsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (230). Like Hedda, the reader is ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"concealing an involuntary smileÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (230), knowing that the only thing Lovborg probably taught Mrs. Elvsted was to ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"understand thingsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? just as he does. However, this smile can also be reserved for Hedda herself, for clearly she has been taught how to think just as Mrs. Elvsted has ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ wit hin a male-dominated social framework.Hedda and Ophelia are thus left to operate in a world of strictly male-influenced expectations that both women, clearly affected by the men around them, feel themselves implicitly required to uphold. The significant result of this influence is not only that both women are trapped in a masculine social structure, but also that they lack the capability for introspection ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ for fully comprehending the consequences of the social hierarchy and its direct effect on them. Again, in OpheliaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s case, the effect of her father and brotherÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s influence is obvious. HamletÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s lover, as Dusinberre suggests, is irrevocably ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"chained into femininity by PoloniusÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (306), a father to whom her chastity must be forever placed above all else. Indeed, Ophelia is inextricably implanted in a social structure that speaks of her virgi nity in monetary terms: Polonius warns his daughter to ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Tender yourself more dearlyÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (1.3.107) in her dealings with Hamlet. Under the strict influence of her father, Ophelia becomes little more than property, but more significantly has no chance or right to develop an individual capacity for reason apart from her father. Since her entire education under Polonius ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"is geared toplacing the reputation for chastity above even the virtue of truthfulnessÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Dusinberre 94), Ophelia effectively has ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"no moral sense of [her] ownÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Dusinberre 94). The right to her own sexuality and the right to her own judgments are both inextricably liked to Polonius. Thus, Ophelia must see the world in menÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s terms. She simply does not have the ability to reflect on her position in the social hierarchy instilled in her by her father, nor can she eve r have it: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Her reason has not been educated to exercise itself without his guidanceÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Dusinberre 94). Indeed, this femininity is so deeply ingrained in her that to expunge it completely, she must lose her reason; instead of succumbing to her father, she must succumb to madness.For Hedda, again, the influence of the social hierarchy in which she is trapped is more subtle. Unlike Ophelia, Hedda will and does question the motivations of those around her. IbsenÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s tragic female even seems to have a very villainous streak: she manipulates everyone around her, with inconsequential social incidents or larger, destructive actions. When Hedda wishes to talk with Mrs. Elvsted alone, she merely prods Tesman to write a letter. Always deferential, he complies, and to a questioning Mrs. Elvsted Hedda replies, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"DidnÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™t you see that I wanted him out of the way?ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ‚€? (Ibsen 227). Later, when speaking alone with Judge Brack, Hedda admits to other little games: referring to her ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"little run-inÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (242) with Aunt Julie, she reveals that she had purposely meant to fluster TesmanÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s old aunt: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"SheÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™d put her hat down there on that chair (Looks at him smiling.) and I pretended I thought it was the maidÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™sÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Ibsen 242). Hedda appears to be very content with the joke, until Judge Brack pauses to question her motives. A change of mood occurs: she nervously replies, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Oh, you know ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ these thing just come over me like that and I canÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™t resist themI canÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™t explain it, even to myselfÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (242). Hedda knows that she isnÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™t happy, that something is la cking in her life, yet she canÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™t turn to herself and explain it. She is supposed to be relieved that she is married, having, as she says, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"danced myself outÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (239) by the age of twenty-nine. Nonetheless, she must revert to manipulative games (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"What in GodÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s name am I to do with myself?ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (237)) to satisfy a need for control simply because she cannot control her own life. To Hedda, her existence is wrapped up in the social structure that she feels she needs to uphold. Essentially, as Bradbrook asserts in her discussion on Hedda as a stage character, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Hedda has neither self-awareness nor responsibility Although she is once or twice seen alone, there is nothing in the play that could be called a soliloquy from herÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (qtd. Lyon 79).Thus, while Hamlet may soliloquize all he wants about action and in act ion, Hedda must conform to the dictates of her social structure. Ironically, as Bradbrook points out, Hedda is a character for whom we have no inner monologue: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"she is shown entirely in actionÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (qtd. Lyon 79). Yet because she is so embedded in the hierarchy of which she is a part, she cannot consciously take action, and she simply attributes her need to play control games, like with Aunt Julie, to other causes: she sighs to Brack, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"I often think I only have one talentboring the life right out of meÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (244). While Hedda, indoctrinated in her social beliefs, thinks that boredom is a cause, it actually is merely a symptom of the lack of control that she feels. Indeed, even the fact the Hedda must use this type of speech indicates that, as Charles Lyons argues in his socio-linguistic analysis of IbsenÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s dialogue, HeddaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s language ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€š €ÂÂÅ"is the language of the oppressedÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (21). In a world of male-dictated expectations and social structures, Hedda, like Ophelia, has no real control over her own life or decisions.As Hedda remarks to Tesman, however, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"there is always a way outÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Ibsen 256). Unlike the men who surround them, though, Ophelia and Hedda are trapped in a social structure that will not allow them to truly realize its full effects nor react without harsh reprimand or, what Hedda fears most, scandal. Thus, while HeddaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s comment is true, both female characters are left with little choice. As Dusinberre asserts, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Polonius allows Ophelia no identity independent of his rule, a condition which makes her incapable of coping with a world in which he has no partÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (94). Upon her fatherÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s murder, then, Ophelia must escape into madness and her co nsequent suicide: Polonius has left her no other option. PoloniusÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™ warning to his daughter that HamletÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"will is not his ownÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (1.3.17) rings strangely false: while Hamlet may freely ponder the existential decision of life or death, Ophelia has no such luxury. Her only way to free herself of her fatherÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s grasp, her only course for true action, is what Dusinberre calls her ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"revolt of insanityÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (261). Thus, when Claudius laments, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Poor Ophelia / Divided from herself and her fair judgmentÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (4.5.84-85), ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"the irony lies in the fact that she was never allowed to have any judgmentÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (Dusinberre 94). A different but comparable scenario applies to Hedda. Consumed by her need for control, but for lack of any better outlet, she must con stantly turn away from taking hold of her own life and instead strive to change the life of a man. In Tesman, she is hopeless ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ she is convinced that there is no greatness in him. Thus, by the end of the drama, her need for power over something, since it cannot be herself, has reached a fever pitch. She finds an opportunity for action that she could never find in her husband when a devastated Lovborg converses with her about his manuscript. Lovborg, in his despair, asserts that he only wants to ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"put an end to it allÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (272). Hedda, snatching one of her pistols, gives it to him as a souvenir, imploring him, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Do it beautifully, Eilert Lovborg. Promise me thatÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (272). Even when LovborgÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s suicide is openly reported, Hedda, relieved by such ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"action,ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? comments, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"IÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã⠀šÃ‚â„¢m saying that here, in this ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ there is beautyÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (280). To Hedda, no greater relief can come from a true action; more significantly, the only true action and release that she now understands is taking oneÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s own life, as she asserts, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"This act of Eilert LovborgÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ thereÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s a sense of liberation in itÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (283). Thus, when Brack threatens to implicate her in LovborgÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s death, Hedda immediately sees no other way out: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"IÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™d rather dieÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (284). Like Ophelia, who is forced into madness, Hedda is effectively forced into suicide: the lack of control becomes too much, and the only true action she understands is death. Even after asserting, upon HeddaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s death, that ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚Š"people donÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™t do such thingsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (286) (an oft-repeated phrase of HeddaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s, ingraining her into her social structure), there still seems to be an echo of HeddaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s only truly liberating words: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Finally ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ an actionÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? (280).Though their two characters vary greatly, ShakespeareÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s Ophelia and IbsenÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s Hedda Gabler are both inevitably trapped together simply by the fact that they are female. Both Ophelia and Hedda are highly influenced by the men that surround them ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€ Ophelia directly and overtly by her brother and father, and Hedda by the overarching social figures of father and husband. Because of the expectations of these male figures, neither Ophelia nor Hedda can transcend the social structure created for them. Ophelia, with no real sense of reason or judgment, must rely completely on her father; and Hedda, though sensing her lack of control, can only detect the symptoms of her imposed social hierarchy, and seek to control others rather than herself. Inevitably, the power structures that restrict both these women are the ones that eventually leave them no other choice but to drastically expunge the expectations placed upon them: Ophelia casts off her fatherÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s judgment through descent into madness and suicide, while Hedda seeks true action and control in taking her own life. For Hedda and Ophelia, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"to be or not to beÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? never really was the question; since both women were never truly allowed to exist independently from the beginning, their only choice in the end lay in madness and death.Works CitedBrown, John Russell. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Representing Sexuality in ShakespeareÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s Plays.ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? Shakespeare and Sexuality. E d. Catherine Alexander and Stanley Wells. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.Dusinberre, Juliet. Shakespeare and the Nature of Women. New York: St. MartinÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚™s Press, 1996.Ibsen, Henrik. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€Ã‚ÂÅ"Hedda Gabler.ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚€? Four Major Plays. Trans. Rick Davis and Brian Johnston. Lyme, New Hampshire: Smith and Krause, 1995.Lyons, Charles R. Hedda Gabler: Gender, Role and World. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991.Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Harold Jenkins. London: The Arden Shakespeare, Thomson Learning, 2001.

Geological Survey On Geologic Hazards - 1345 Words

At the conclusion of his letter dated December 7, 2015. Mr. Jonathan Lovekin, the Senior Engineering Geologist for the Colorado Geological Survey stated that the geologic hazards at this site are challenging and have not been fully evaluated or addressed at that time. However, he did conclude by saying â€Å"we agree that they can be mitigated to allow the proposed residential use and density.† In February, Rickie Davies, Senior Planner in the Engineering Department commented in an email to you that Eagle County Land Use Regulation Section 4-420.D.1 - Development in Areas Subject to Geologic Hazards states, Review of development that is subject to the provisions of this Section 4-420, and shall require referral of the application to the†¦show more content†¦The topographic model used in the rockfall analysis must incorporate any planned cuts at the building sites.† Subsequent to this comment, the applicant did request HP Kumar (HP Geotech) conduct a rockfall analysis of the current conditions of the property to determine possible issues for the lower three lots. (A copy of the report was provided to the County previously and it is attached to this letter for reference.) While the assessment cannot take into account final site conditions for lots 4 and 5, which will not be determined until there is a specific construction plan for each lot, it does show that reasonable mitigation is possible under the current conditions. HP Kumar/Golder Associates Findings: a. It is possible for rocks embedded in the slope to dislodge and begin rolling, but this is unlikely without significant disturbance of the ground surface. Boulders that are lying on the ground surface, such as those observed just below Cedar Drive, could be disturbed by various causes and begin rolling. Rockfall initiating from these areas was considered in our analysis as the most likely source. A detailed inventory of available source rocks was not conducted but we observed several rounded and sub-rounded basalt and sandstone bouldersShow MoreRelatedMount Baker in Bellingham, Washington Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pages140 miles between Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, Canada. 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